Overview and perspectives

In accordance with a possible classification according to areas of application, the various energy sources are interpreted with their specific characteristics for Germany in the years 2030 and 2045 (see both figures below). Regarding to the goal of climate neutrality in 2045 for Germany, electrification is generally to be preferred in all transport sectors due to the high energy saving potentials. In areas where complete electrification is not possible even in the long term, it is obvious that there will be at least partial electrification of the drives, but renewable pure fuels should be used specifically in these sectors. In 2030, more than 40 million vehicles will still be driven by combustion engines and mixed fuels consisting of fossil and renewable components, similar to today's conventional fuels E10 and B7. In 2045, the vehicle population with internal combustion engines, which is expected to be already reduced significantly, will be supplied with renewable energy sources. The type of energy source depends strongly on the respective transport sector and the respective performance requirements of the drive.

For 2030 the assumed vehicle-energy-matrix is as follows (green – very probable option, dark gray – possible option, light gray – option for remaining stock of conventional drive systems):

For 2045 the assumed vehicle-energy-matrix looks like the following figure (green – very probable option, dark gray – possible option, light gray – option for remaining stock of conventional drive systems)